have，has，have been，has bee
编辑： admin 2017-01-03
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1）have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦.
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半.
2）have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如：
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语,已达十年之久.
3）have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如：
English has been taught in China for many years.
中国教英语已经多年.
由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成现在完成时.
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围.它和主语的人称、数要保持一致.过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义.
2.用法
(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果.常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰.如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.
你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过.(现在我不饿了)
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态.这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行.常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语.
如：He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书.(可能还要继续教)
I have't seen her for four years.
我有四年没见到她了.
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语.
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次.
3.现在完成时的时间状语
(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用.如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等.但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用.
a. 用副词already和yet.already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中.如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了.
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业.
b.用ever 和never.多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等. 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城.
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等.例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过.
He has been there three times the last few days.
近几年他去过那里三次了.
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等.例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.
今天你见过他吗?我 没有.
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去过那里多少次?
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在.如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用.要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on
open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student
borrow →keep buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→study come to work→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.
We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了.
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作.但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系.如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系.试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了.(现在还未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了.(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)
5.几点注意事项
(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能.如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次.
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了.
(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时.如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了.
(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿.
提示：
have, 有， i have a car, 我有辆车。
has, have 的三单形式，she has a computer, 她有台电脑。
have been, 现在完成进行式， I have been away from Paris for two weeks，我离开巴黎已经两星期了。
has been, have been的三单，The table has been...
类似问题
类似问题1：have/has been+done 是什么时?[英语科目]
have/has been+done 是现在完成时的被动语态.
教你一个小窍门,这个句子中,首先判断是现在完成式的基本形式“have/has been”然后再看后面“be(在这里形式是：been)+done为被动语态的基本形式,所以连起来,全句就是现在完成时的被动语态,不知道你懂了没有 .
再举一个例子will be doing 中“will be”为将来是的形态,will加上动词原形（be）而,“be doing”是现在进行时的一般结构,所以整个应该是“将来进行时”.你懂了吗,以后再遇到这个就这么判断就好了,只要记住基本的几个时态结构了,就可以轻而易举的举一反三.
希望你的英语水平蒸蒸日上.
类似问题2：have/has been 后面跟什么词?[英语科目]
have/has been 只不过是助动词have 修饰了 过去分词 been,所以完全可以不理会have,只要看have的修饰词been就可以了,而been为be的过去分词,所以问题就变成了be动词的后面可以加什么东西.
be可以+名词、形容词,介词短语、非谓语动词（动名词、不定式、分词）,太多了,不信你可以搜一下have/has been的例句看看
类似问题3：had/have/has gone/been 的区别如题了我问几个问题has gone 和have gone 的意思和用法都是一样的吗``还是其中一个不存在has been 和have been 也是一样同上问题还有had gone 和 have/has gone 有什么区别``要有[英语科目]
has gone是现在完成时针对第三人称单数的,have是第一人称或复数的,比如he has done something他做了什么事,I have done something我做了什么事,they have done something他们做了什么事.
had gone是过去完成时,对过去已经做过的事描述.She had gone to Shanghai.她去了上海（用于叙述以前的事,比如写在日记里）.have/has gone是现在完成时,She has gone to Shanghai,她去了上海（还没回来）.They/I have gone to Shanghai.他们/我去了上海.
had been是过去完成时,表示去过什么地方,也是对过去已经做过的事的描述.I had been there.我去过那里.have/has been 是现在完成时,前者用于第一人称或复数（I或they等）,后者用于第三人称单数（she或he或someone 等）,he has been there.他去过那里（不管有没有回来）.
下面是术语意义：
过去完成时 ：
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情!
其构成是主语+had +过去分词.
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
现在完成时：
现在完成时的用法
主语+have(has)+过去分词(done)
（1.）定义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:简已在吃饭.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)
（2.）定义2：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
类似问题4：have been 和 has been的区别[英语科目]
have been的主语是除了第三人称单数以外的人称,如
I have been to Beijing many years before.
They have been to Shanghai for a long time.
has been 的主语是第三人称单数,如
He has been to Harbin before.
Shs has been to Hainan these days.
类似问题5：什么时候用have been,什么时间have/has后面直接加过去分词?[英语科目]
have been多接形容词或介词短语,表示某种状态的持续,例如:
He has been ill for three days.
He has been in the League for a year.
如果表示一个动作从开始一直持续到现在,就用have/has+过去分词,例如:
I have lived here for ten years.如果动作是被动的,就用have/has+been+过去分词,例如:
The bridge has been built for the years.
He has been wanted(通缉)for a year.